{"id":9095,"date":"2022-09-14T09:46:04","date_gmt":"2022-09-14T09:46:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dairylando.com\/?p=5974"},"modified":"2025-03-25T02:11:16","modified_gmt":"2025-03-25T02:11:16","slug":"lecheras-de-oro","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dairylando.com\/en\/lecheras-de-oro\/","title":{"rendered":"Dairy gold"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cuando all\u00e1 por 1949, en Londres observaron que, gracias al agregado de glicerol a la mezcla diluyente de yema de huevo y citrato de sodio, los espermatozoides de un gallo segu\u00edan vivos despu\u00e9s de descongelarlos, se revolucion\u00f3 el mejoramiento gen\u00e9tico de los rodeos lecheros del planeta. En la d\u00e9cada de 1970 se generaliza la inseminaci\u00f3n artificial de toros Holando Argentino dejando atr\u00e1s definitivamente el uso de razas de doble prop\u00f3sito de aquella \u00e9poca (ver Foto). En el a\u00f1o 2009 se introduce el an\u00e1lisis gen\u00f3mico de toros padres constituy\u00e9ndose en la t\u00e9cnica m\u00e1s relevante desde la implementaci\u00f3n de la inseminaci\u00f3n artificial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Foto: A la izquierda vacas de raza Red Poll dieron origen a la actividad lechera en la estancia Tatay en Carmen de Areco en 1890. A la derecha vacas Holando Argentino\/Holstein del rodeo en producci\u00f3n actual.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Posteriormente a la divulgaci\u00f3n de la inseminaci\u00f3n artificial, el rodeo lechero argentino fue creciendo en su valor gen\u00e9tico manteni\u00e9ndose durante a\u00f1os holgadamente superior a lo que los sistemas de producci\u00f3n locales, basados en pastoreo, pudieran exigir. En a\u00f1os recientes, la mejora en alimentaci\u00f3n y la atenci\u00f3n de los temas referentes al bienestar animal con incorporaci\u00f3n de confinamiento estabulado (observado mayormente en la cuenca central de Argentina), han llevado a las vacas a obtener producciones impensadas y ya no hace falta viajar a California para ver rodeos arriba de 40 litros. El gr\u00e1fico \u00abEvoluci\u00f3n producci\u00f3n individual\u00bb es una actualizaci\u00f3n ponderada de la presentada en \u00ab50 a\u00f1os de historia de la lecher\u00eda en Argentina\u00bb<\/a>. La creciente divulgaci\u00f3n de estos nuevos planteos productivos, que tambi\u00e9n incluyen apoyo tecnol\u00f3gico novedoso como son el advenimiento de los collares de monitoreo o el orde\u00f1e rob\u00f3tico, obliga al productor a seleccionar las mejores vacas para poner en esos galpones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Acelerar el mejoramiento gen\u00e9tico<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Con la llegada de la gen\u00f3mica los toros dejaron de ser aquellas \u201caventuras\u201d que obligaban a esperar el desarrollo de la descendencia y ver qu\u00e9 resultados hab\u00eda. Ahora, teniendo los toros padres genotipados y contando con un sistema de registros de servicios y parentesco madre-hija serio y met\u00f3dico, se puede llevar adelante el an\u00e1lisis gen\u00f3mico por genealog\u00eda para las hembras del rodeo lechero obteniendo informaci\u00f3n del valor gen\u00e9tico de todo el rodeo de un tambo con buen correlato con el an\u00e1lisis de ADN (60-70%). Esta informaci\u00f3n es personalizada adapt\u00e1ndose a la visi\u00f3n que se tenga del futuro rodeo. Para el caso del gr\u00e1fico siguiente, el Indice Gen\u00e9tico responde a un esquema de mejoramiento con 60% para rasgos productivos y 40% para  rasgos de salud y eficiencia. Hay conceptos que surgen de la imagen. En primer lugar se nota le mejor\u00eda gen\u00e9tica en las generaciones nuevas del rodeo, en segundo lugar observamos que las vacas de m\u00e1s de 2 lactancias quedan casi todas abajo del promedio! Y luego notamos la importante dispersi\u00f3n dentro de la misma generaci\u00f3n de animales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Una estrategia para acelerar el mejoramiento gen\u00e9tico observado ser\u00eda utilizar semen sexado (cuatriplica las hijas obtenidas que ingresan a la producci\u00f3n que el semen convencional) de los mejores toros disponibles (hoy se consigue sexado de toros TOP) en el 30% de la poblaci\u00f3n superior en Indice Gen\u00e9tico. Esta selecci\u00f3n abarca buena parte de las hembras v\u00edrgenes y las de primera lactancia. En esta primer instancia se podr\u00eda muestrear para an\u00e1lisis de ADN con el fin de confirmar el Indice geneal\u00f3gico. Mientras tanto esperaremos arrimar el nivel del Indice del rodeo al de los toros padres y que baje el costo del an\u00e1lisis gen\u00f3mico que hoy (la versi\u00f3n completa del an\u00e1lisis<\/a>) est\u00e1 en unos 45 US$\/animal dependiendo de los rasgos a pedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marcos Snyder<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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Cuando all\u00e1 por 1949, en Londres observaron que, gracias al agregado de glicerol a la mezcla diluyente de yema de 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